In this unit students consider the ethical questions that arise from the conflicts between concern for animal welfare and the need to use animals in some way. The aim is to introduce the idea that the discussion of controversial issues relating to the conduct and application of science involves making decisions. In any situation, there is usually more than one choice available. Often, a course of action may seem like a good solution, but it may also have some undesirable outcomes.

In the activity students consider whether animals should be used for research by carrying out an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages (costs/benefits). During the discussion students are encouraged to decide whether the views expressed are based on evidence or opinion.  
Research on the use of animals could be set as homework prior to the lesson. The activity would be suitable after students have completed work on the body, drugs or diseases. The approach in the activity could be used for other topics, for example IVF or genetic testing.